Perspective view of Tithonium Chasma. Image: ESA/DLR/FU Berlin, CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO
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The observations reveal two massive “chasma,” or trenches, that run parallel along the western portion of Valles Marineris, known as Tithonium Chasma in the south and Ius Chasma in the north. These trenches are each about 500 miles in length, making them twice as long as the Grand Canyon—and they encompass only about a fifth of Valles Marineris’ full extent.